Hashing is used to protect the integrity of the message. It is essentially a one-way algorithm that is capable of creating a fixed-length extract of the message (or document). This extract (hash) is:
specific to the given document,
changing even a single bit in the document changes the hash,
it is not possible to predict how a certain change in the document modifies the hash (that is, it is impossible to predict the hash),
it is not possible to recover the original document from the hash.
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